Concepts of work in autonomous quantum heat engines
1Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 21a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
2Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Boltzmanngasse 3, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
3School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
4Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Center Negev, Israel
| Published: | 2019-10-14, volume 3, page 195 |
| Eprint: | arXiv:1907.01353v2 |
| Doi: | https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2019-10-14-195 |
| Citation: | Quantum 3, 195 (2019). |
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Abstract
One of the fundamental questions in quantum thermodynamics concerns the decomposition of energetic changes into heat and work. Contrary to classical engines, the entropy change of the piston cannot be neglected in the quantum domain. As a consequence, different concepts of work arise, depending on the desired task and the implied capabilities of the agent using the work generated by the engine. Each work quantifier---from ergotropy to non-equilibrium free energy---has well defined operational interpretations. We analyse these work quantifiers for a heat-pumped three-level maser and derive the respective engine efficiencies. In the classical limit of strong maser intensities the engine efficiency converges towards the Scovil--Schulz-DuBois maser efficiency, irrespective of the work quantifier.
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