Exact Quantum Many-Body Scars in 2D Quantum Gauge Models

Yuan Miao; Linhao Li; Hosho Katsura; Masahito Yamazaki

doi:10.22331/q-2026-07-18-2164

Exact Quantum Many-Body Scars in 2D Quantum Gauge Models

Yuan Miao¹, Linhao Li², Hosho Katsura^3,4,5, and Masahito Yamazaki^1,3,5

¹Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
²Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
³Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
⁴Institute for Physics of Intelligence, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
⁵Trans-scale Quantum Science Institute, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

Published:	2026-07-18, volume 10, page 2164
Editor:	Alexander Schuckert
Eprint:	arXiv:2505.21921v3
Doi:	https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2026-07-18-2164
Citation:	Quantum 10, 2164 (2026).

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Abstract

Quantum many-body scars (QMBS) serve as important examples of ergodicity-breaking phenomena in quantum many-body systems. Despite recent extensive studies, exact QMBS are rare in dimensions higher than one. In this paper, we study a two-dimensional quantum $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge model that is dual to a two-dimensional spin-$1/2$ XY model defined on bipartite graphs. We identify the exact eigenstates of the XY model with a tower structure as exact QMBS. Exploiting the duality transformation, we show that the exact QMBS of the XY model (and XXZ model) after the transformation are the exact QMBS of the dual $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge model. This construction is versatile and has potential applications for finding new QMBS in other higher-dimensional models.

Popular summary

Quantum many-body scars are rare eigenstates that evade thermalization even when the surrounding spectrum behaves ergodically. This work constructs exact scars in two-dimensional spin-1/2 XY models on several lattices. The states form towers built from magnons confined to stripes or local motifs; destructive interference prevents these excitations from dispersing, while their entanglement remains sub-volume-law. By gauging a global $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry—equivalently, applying a generalized Kramers–Wannier duality. We map a subset of these states to exact scars in dual $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theories. The construction applies to square, honeycomb/triangular, and kagome/dice geometries, and some scar states survive correlated disorder, inhomogeneous fields, and XXZ-type interactions. The central message is that duality can systematically transfer analytically tractable nonthermal eigenstates between spin systems and gauge theories, offering a versatile route to higher-dimensional quantum scars.

► BibTeX data

@article{Miao2026exactquantummany,
  doi = {10.22331/q-2026-07-18-2164},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2026-07-18-2164},
  title = {Exact {Q}uantum {M}any-{B}ody {S}cars in 2{D} {Q}uantum {G}auge {M}odels},
  author = {Miao, Yuan and Li, Linhao and Katsura, Hosho and Yamazaki, Masahito},
  journal = {{Quantum}},
  issn = {2521-327X},
  publisher = {{Verein zur F{\"{o}}rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften}},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {2164},
  month = jul,
  year = {2026}
}

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