Programming tools for Analogue Quantum Computing in the High-Performance Computing Context – A Review

Mateusz Meller; Vendel Szeremi; Oliver Thomson Brown

doi:10.22331/q-2025-12-02-1927

Programming tools for Analogue Quantum Computing in the High-Performance Computing Context – A Review

Mateusz Meller^1,2, Vendel Szeremi¹, and Oliver Thomson Brown²

¹Hartree Centre, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), UK Research and Innovation (UKRI)
²EPCC, The University of Edinburgh, UK

Published:	2025-12-02, volume 9, page 1927
Editor:	Diego García-Martín
Eprint:	arXiv:2501.16943v2
Doi:	https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-12-02-1927
Citation:	Quantum 9, 1927 (2025).

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Abstract

Recent advances in quantum computing have brought us closer to realizing the potential of this transformative technology. While significant strides have been made in quantum error correction, many challenges persist, particularly in the realm of noise and scalability. Analogue quantum computing schemes, such as Analogue Hamiltonian Simulation and Quantum Annealing, offer a promising approach to address these limitations. By operating at a higher level of abstraction, these schemes can simplify the development of large-scale quantum algorithms. To fully harness the power of quantum computers, they must be seamlessly integrated with traditional high-performance computing (HPC) systems. While substantial research has focused on the integration of circuit-based quantum computers with HPC, the integration of analogue quantum computers remains relatively unexplored. This paper aims to bridge this gap by contributing in the following way:
Comprehensive Survey: We conduct a comprehensive survey of existing quantum software tools with analogue capabilities.
Readiness Assessment: We introduce a classification and rating system to assess the readiness of these tools for HPC integration.
Gap Identification and Recommendations: We identify critical gaps in the landscape of analogue quantum programming models and propose actionable recommendations for future research and development.

► BibTeX data

@article{Meller2025programmingtools,
  doi = {10.22331/q-2025-12-02-1927},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-12-02-1927},
  title = {Programming tools for {A}nalogue {Q}uantum {C}omputing in the {H}igh-{P}erformance {C}omputing {C}ontext – {A} {R}eview},
  author = {Meller, Mateusz and Szeremi, Vendel and Brown, Oliver Thomson},
  journal = {{Quantum}},
  issn = {2521-327X},
  publisher = {{Verein zur F{\"{o}}rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften}},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {1927},
  month = dec,
  year = {2025}
}

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Cited by

[1] Konstantinos Rallis, Ioannis Liliopoulos, Georgios D. Varsamis, Evangelos Tsipas, Ioannis G. Karafyllidis, Georgios Ch. Sirakoulis, and Panagiotis Dimitrakis, "Interfacing Quantum Computing Systems with High-Performance Computing Systems: An Overview", arXiv:2509.06205, (2025).

[2] Oliver Thomson Brown, Mateusz Meller, and James Richings, "Introducing CQ: A C-like API for Quantum Accelerated HPC", arXiv:2508.10854, (2025).

[3] Philip Döbler and Manpreet Singh Jattana, "A Survey on Integrating Quantum Computers into High Performance Computing Systems", arXiv:2507.03540, (2025).

The above citations are from SAO/NASA ADS (last updated successfully 2026-08-18 01:47:39). The list may be incomplete as not all publishers provide suitable and complete citation data.

On Crossref's cited-by service no data on citing works was found (last attempt 2026-08-18 01:47:35).

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