Fast-forwarding quantum evolution

Shouzhen Gu; Rolando D. Somma; Burak Şahinoğlu

doi:10.22331/q-2021-11-15-577

Fast-forwarding quantum evolution

Shouzhen Gu¹, Rolando D. Somma², and Burak Şahinoğlu²

¹Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
²Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA

Published:	2021-11-15, volume 5, page 577
Eprint:	arXiv:2105.07304v2
Doi:	https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-11-15-577
Citation:	Quantum 5, 577 (2021).

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Abstract

We investigate the problem of fast-forwarding quantum evolution, whereby the dynamics of certain quantum systems can be simulated with gate complexity that is sublinear in the evolution time. We provide a definition of fast-forwarding that considers the model of quantum computation, the Hamiltonians that induce the evolution, and the properties of the initial states. Our definition accounts for $any$ asymptotic complexity improvement of the general case and we use it to demonstrate fast-forwarding in several quantum systems. In particular, we show that some local spin systems whose Hamiltonians can be taken into block diagonal form using an efficient quantum circuit, such as those that are permutation-invariant, can be exponentially fast-forwarded. We also show that certain classes of positive semidefinite local spin systems, also known as frustration-free, can be polynomially fast-forwarded, provided the initial state is supported on a subspace of sufficiently low energies. Last, we show that all quadratic fermionic systems and number-conserving quadratic bosonic systems can be exponentially fast-forwarded in a model where quantum gates are exponentials of specific fermionic or bosonic operators, respectively. Our results extend the classes of physical Hamiltonians that were previously known to be fast-forwarded, while not necessarily requiring methods that diagonalize the Hamiltonians efficiently. We further develop a connection between fast-forwarding and precise energy measurements that also accounts for polynomial improvements.

Featured image: Examples of fast-forwarding and no-fast-forwarding. For fast-forwarding, the quantum complexity $G_{FF}(n)$ crosses the lower bound $l'(n,t)$ and lies under the no-fast-forwarding line $l(n)$, and $G_{{\rm FF}}(n)/l(n)\rightarrow 0$. For no-fast-forwarding, the quantum complexity $G_{{\rm no-FF}}(n)$ lies above $l(n)$. Exponential or polynomial fast-forwarding is obtained depending on the asymptotic behavior of $G(n)$ and $l(n)$. The Hamiltonians $\{H_n\}_n$ belong to classes $\{\mathcal C_n\}_n$ and model quantum systems of different sizes $n$.

► BibTeX data

@article{Gu2021fastforwarding,
  doi = {10.22331/q-2021-11-15-577},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-11-15-577},
  title = {Fast-forwarding quantum evolution},
  author = {Gu, Shouzhen and Somma, Rolando D. and {\c{S}}ahino{\u{g}}lu, Burak},
  journal = {{Quantum}},
  issn = {2521-327X},
  publisher = {{Verein zur F{\"{o}}rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften}},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {577},
  month = nov,
  year = {2021}
}

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Fast-forwarding quantum evolution

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