Faster Coherent Quantum Algorithms for Phase, Energy, and Amplitude Estimation

Patrick Rall

Quantum Information Center, University of Texas at Austin

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Updated version: The authors have uploaded version v4 of this work to the arXiv which may contain updates or corrections not contained in the published version v3. The authors left the following comment on the arXiv:
Added Jupyter notebook for reproducibility and fixed a benchmarking error

Abstract

We consider performing phase estimation under the following conditions: we are given only one copy of the input state, the input state does not have to be an eigenstate of the unitary, and the state must not be measured. Most quantum estimation algorithms make assumptions that make them unsuitable for this 'coherent' setting, leaving only the textbook approach. We present novel algorithms for phase, energy, and amplitude estimation that are both conceptually and computationally simpler than the textbook method, featuring both a smaller query complexity and ancilla footprint. They do not require a quantum Fourier transform, and they do not require a quantum sorting network to compute the median of several estimates. Instead, they use block-encoding techniques to compute the estimate one bit at a time, performing all amplification via singular value transformation. These improved subroutines accelerate the performance of quantum Metropolis sampling and quantum Bayesian inference.


Presentation at TQC 2021

A fundamental objective of quantum computing is to help study physical systems. One of the earliest results in the area was a fast quantum algorithm for measuring the energy of a system, which can serve as a building block for other quantum algorithms. However this algorithm is very complicated and hard to analyze. In this paper we present a simpler method based on applying polynomials to the Hamiltonian that extract each of the bits of the estimate. This technique is up to 20x faster than the prior state of the art.

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[19] John M. Martyn, Zane M. Rossi, Andrew K. Tan, and Isaac L. Chuang, "Grand Unification of Quantum Algorithms", PRX Quantum 2 4, 040203 (2021).

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