# Quasirandom quantum channels

Tom Bannink1, Jop Briët2, Farrokh Labib1, and Hans Maassen3

1CWI, QuSoft, Science Park 123, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands. Supported by the Gravitation-grant NETWORKS-024.002.003 from the Dutch Research Council (NWO).
2CWI, QuSoft, Science Park 123, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands. Supported by the Gravitation-grant NETWORKS-024.002.003 from the Dutch Research Council (NWO). Additionally supported by an NWO VENI grant.
3QuSoft, Korteweg-de Vries Institute for Mathematics, Radboud University.

### Abstract

Mixing (or quasirandom) properties of the natural transition matrix associated to a graph can be quantified by its distance to the complete graph. Different mixing properties correspond to different norms to measure this distance. For dense graphs, two such properties known as spectral expansion and uniformity were shown to be equivalent in seminal 1989 work of Chung, Graham and Wilson. Recently, Conlon and Zhao extended this equivalence to the case of sparse vertex transitive graphs using the famous Grothendieck inequality.
Here we generalize these results to the non-commutative, or `quantum', case, where a transition matrix becomes a quantum channel. In particular, we show that for irreducibly covariant quantum channels, expansion is equivalent to a natural analog of uniformity for graphs, generalizing the result of Conlon and Zhao. Moreover, we show that in these results, the non-commutative and commutative (resp.) Grothendieck inequalities yield the best-possible constants.

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### Cited by

[1] Cécilia Lancien, "Characterizing expansion, classically and quantumly", Quantum Views 4, 44 (2020).

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