Cavity assisted measurements of heat and work in optical lattices

Louis Villa; Gabriele De Chiara

doi:10.22331/q-2018-01-04-42

Cavity assisted measurements of heat and work in optical lattices

¹Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard,F-69342 Lyon, France
²Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom

Published:	2018-01-04, volume 2, page 42
Eprint:	arXiv:1704.01583v3
Doi:	https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2018-01-04-42
Citation:	Quantum 2, 42 (2018).

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Abstract

We propose a method to experimentally measure the internal energy of a system of ultracold atoms trapped in optical lattices by coupling them to the fields of two optical cavities. We show that the tunnelling and self-interaction terms of the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian can be mapped to the field and photon number of each cavity, respectively. We compare the energy estimated using this method with numerical results obtained using the density matrix renormalisation group algorithm. Our method can be employed for the assessment of power and efficiency of thermal machines whose working substance is a strongly correlated many-body system.

Featured image: Schematic setup for estimating the energy of atomic lattice models. Individual atoms (red dots) are regularly arranged along one dimensional arrays. The atoms interact with the fields of two optical cavities. They are accurately positioned at the nodes of the field of one of the two cavities (blue, labelled 1), externally pumped by a laser (blue arrow), and at the antinodes of the other cavity field (green, labelled 2) while being transversally pumped by another external laser (not shown). Tunneling processes will populate the blue cavity 1 and can be revealed by measuring the output quadrature. A photon number measurement of the green cavity 2 reveals instead the self-interaction term of the Hubbard model.

Popular summary

The precise measurement of energy of a physical system during a thermodynamic process is necessary for assessing the power and efficiency of thermal engines and refrigerators. For strongly-interacting quantum systems, measuring the total energy is however challenging. In this paper, we show how to estimate the total internal energy of atoms in optical lattices by coupling the atoms to two optical cavities. Our result can be used for the monitoring of internal energy, work extracted and heat currents in optical lattice gases employed as working fluids for quantum thermal machines.

► BibTeX data

@article{Villa2018cavityassisted,
  doi = {10.22331/q-2018-01-04-42},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2018-01-04-42},
  title = {Cavity assisted measurements of heat and work in optical lattices},
  author = {Villa, Louis and De Chiara, Gabriele},
  journal = {{Quantum}},
  issn = {2521-327X},
  publisher = {{Verein zur F{\"{o}}rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften}},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {42},
  month = jan,
  year = {2018}
}

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