Optimal phase estimation in the presence of correlated dephasing

Srijon Ghosh; Arkadiusz Kobus; Stanisław Kurdziałek; Rafał Demkowicz-Dobrzański

doi:10.22331/q-2026-10-28-2251

Optimal phase estimation in the presence of correlated dephasing

Srijon Ghosh^1,2,3, Arkadiusz Kobus^1,4, Stanisław Kurdziałek¹, and Rafał Demkowicz-Dobrzański¹

¹Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
²Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
³Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Sciences and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
⁴Institute of Physics PAS, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warszawa, Poland

Published:	2026-10-28, volume 10, page 2251
Editor:	Dennis Rätzel
Eprint:	arXiv:2511.07211v3
Doi:	https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2026-10-28-2251
Citation:	Quantum 10, 2251 (2026).

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Abstract

We investigate optimal metrological protocols for phase estimation in the presence of correlated dephasing noise, including spin-squeezed state sensing strategies as well as parallel and adaptive protocols optimized using tensor-network-based numerical methods. The results are benchmarked against fundamental bounds obtained either via the latest quantum comb extension method or an optimized classical simulation method. We find that the spin-squeezed states offer practically optimal performance in the regime where phase fluctuations are positively correlated but can be outperformed by tensor-network-optimized strategies for negatively correlated fluctuations.

Featured image: Schematic diagram of a metrological channel estimation protocol with continuous temporal correlations.

Popular summary

We investigate optimal quantum metrological strategies for phase estimation under correlated dephasing noise, focusing on the role of noise correlations in determining the achievable estimation precision. We derive fundamental upper bounds on the Fisher information using the classical simulation and quantum comb extension methods, highlighting important distinctions between discrete and continuous correlated noise models. In particular, the analytical bound obtained through classical simulation provides a general framework for quantifying the effects of noise correlations and is especially tractable for Gaussian processes. We further investigate spin-squeezed state sensing protocols and compare their performance with parallel and adaptive strategies optimized using tensor-network-based numerical methods. Our results demonstrate that spin-squeezed states, combined with measurements of the first moments of collective spin observables, achieve nearly optimal precision for positively correlated noise. However, for negatively correlated noise, tensor-network-optimized strategies can provide a significant advantage. These findings provide a comprehensive characterization of the impact of correlated dephasing on quantum-enhanced metrology and identify effective sensing strategies across different noise-correlation regimes.

► BibTeX data

@article{Ghosh2026optimalphase,
  doi = {10.22331/q-2026-10-28-2251},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2026-10-28-2251},
  title = {Optimal phase estimation in the presence of correlated dephasing},
  author = {Ghosh, Srijon and Kobus, Arkadiusz and Kurdzia{\l{}}ek, Stanis{\l{}}aw and Demkowicz-Dobrza{\'{n}}ski, Rafa{\l{}}},
  journal = {{Quantum}},
  issn = {2521-327X},
  publisher = {{Verein zur F{\"{o}}rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften}},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {2251},
  month = oct,
  year = {2026}
}

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