Network quantum steering enables randomness certification without seed randomness

Shubhayan Sarkar

doi:10.22331/q-2024-07-19-1419

Network quantum steering enables randomness certification without seed randomness

Laboratoire d’Information Quantique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Av. F. D. Roosevelt 50, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium

Published:	2024-07-19, volume 8, page 1419
Eprint:	arXiv:2307.08797v4
Doi:	https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-07-19-1419
Citation:	Quantum 8, 1419 (2024).

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Abstract

Quantum networks with multiple sources allow the observation of quantum nonlocality without inputs. Consequently, the incompatibility of measurements is not a necessity for observing quantum nonlocality when one has access to multiple quantum sources. Here we investigate the minimal scenario without inputs where one can observe any form of quantum nonlocality. We show that even two parties with two sources that might be classically correlated can witness a form of quantum nonlocality, in particular quantum steering, in networks without inputs if one of the parties is trusted, that is, performs a fixed known measurement. We term this effect as swap-steering. The scenario presented in this work is minimal to observe such an effect. Consequently, a scenario exists where one can observe quantum steering but not Bell non-locality. We further construct a linear witness to observe swap-steering. Interestingly, this witness enables self-testing of the quantum states generated by the sources and the local measurement of the untrusted party. This in turn allows certifying two bits of randomness that can be obtained from the measurement outcomes of the untrusted device without the requirement of initially feeding the device with randomness.

Popular summary

Quantum networks with multiple sources can demonstrate quantum nonlocality without requiring inputs. Our research identifies the simplest setup to observe this effect: two parties using two possibly classically correlated sources, with one party performing a known measurement. This setup reveals "swap-steering," a form of quantum steering that can be observed even when one can not observe non-locality. We developed a method to detect swap-steering, enabling the self-testing of quantum states and local measurements. This also certifies two bits of randomness from the measurement outcomes without needing initial randomness, showcasing new possibilities for practical quantum information processing.

► BibTeX data

@article{Sarkar2024networkquantum,
  doi = {10.22331/q-2024-07-19-1419},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-07-19-1419},
  title = {Network quantum steering enables randomness certification without seed randomness},
  author = {Sarkar, Shubhayan},
  journal = {{Quantum}},
  issn = {2521-327X},
  publisher = {{Verein zur F{\"{o}}rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften}},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {1419},
  month = jul,
  year = {2024}
}

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Cited by

[1] Abhishek Sadhu and Siddhartha Das, "Quantum steering under constrained free-will", arXiv:2406.13494, (2024).

[2] Shubhayan Sarkar, "Witnessing network steerability of every bipartite entangled state without inputs", arXiv:2406.11994, (2024).

[3] Shubhayan Sarkar, "Causal links between operationally independent events in quantum theory", Physical Review A 109 4, L040202 (2024).

[4] Shubhayan Sarkar, Alexandre C. Orthey, Gautam Sharma, and Remigiusz Augusiak, "Almost device-independent certification of GME states with minimal measurements", arXiv:2402.18522, (2024).

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