Protecting coherence from the environment via Stark many-body localization in a Quantum-Dot Simulator

Subhajit Sarkar; Berislav Buča

doi:10.22331/q-2024-07-02-1392

Protecting coherence from the environment via Stark many-body localization in a Quantum-Dot Simulator

Subhajit Sarkar^1,2 and Berislav Buča^3,4

¹Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur-603 203, India
²Department of Chemistry and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
³Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
⁴Niels Bohr International Academy, Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark

Published:	2024-07-02, volume 8, page 1392
Eprint:	arXiv:2204.13354v4
Doi:	https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-07-02-1392
Citation:	Quantum 8, 1392 (2024).

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Abstract

Semiconductor platforms are emerging as a promising architecture for storing and processing quantum information, e.g., in quantum dot spin qubits. However, charge noise coming from interactions between the electrons is a major limiting factor, along with the scalability of many qubits, for a quantum computer. We show that a magnetic field gradient can be implemented in a semiconductor quantum dot array to induce a local quantum coherent dynamical $\ell-$bit exhibiting the potential to be used as logical qubits. These dynamical $\ell-$bits are responsible for the model being many-body localized. We show that these dynamical $\ell-$bits and the corresponding many-body localization are protected from all noises, including phonons, for sufficiently long times if electron-phonon interaction is not non-local. We further show the implementation of thermalization-based self-correcting logical gates. This thermalization-based error correction goes beyond the standard paradigm of decoherence-free and noiseless subsystems. Our work thus opens a new venue for passive quantum error correction in semiconductor-based quantum computers.

Featured image: Left: Schematic diagram of a tilted Heisenberg chain where each spin $\mathbf{S}_{j}$ is coupled to a local phonon-bath $(\hbar\omega_{\mathbf{q}}, \mathbf{q})_{j}$, with a possible realization of $H$ in semiconductor-based QD array set-up, where current through quantum point contact, $I_{\text{QPC}}$ would induce local phonons near the dot confinement. Right: Transverse auto-correlation $F_{QB}(t)$ for various choices of local operators $Q = S_{r/2}^{x}$ (blue line) and $S_{r/2 -1}^{z}S_{r/2}^{+}$ (orange line) corresponding to the system parameters (normalized to some integer values for convenience), (a) 7-site and (b) 9-site chains. The sudden perturbation at the initial time is considered for $B = S_{r/2}^{x}$.

Popular summary

Quantum coherence is essential for various applications in physics and quantum information processing, including quantum cryptography, metrology, nanoscale thermodynamics, and energy transport in biological systems. The stable operation of qubits, the fundamental building blocks of quantum information, depends heavily on maintaining quantum coherence. However, interactions between qubits and their environment often disrupt this coherence, posing a challenge for sustained qubit operations.

Semiconductor platforms, such as quantum dot spin qubits, are emerging as promising architectures for storing and processing quantum information. Yet, they face significant challenges, particularly from charge noise and the scalability of many qubits. Our research demonstrates that implementing a magnetic field gradient in a semiconductor quantum dot array can induce local quantum coherent dynamical $\ell$-bits, which have the potential to function as logical qubits.

The key finding of our study is that Stark/disorder-free many-body localization (SMBL) can be observed even in the presence of dissipation from phonons. This localization can protect the quantum coherence of a logical qubit indefinitely, introducing a novel and fundamental mechanism for implementing logical qubits in nanoscale quantum dot arrays. This discovery opens new avenues for quantum information processing, showcasing the potential for long-term coherence in practical quantum computing systems.

► BibTeX data

@article{Sarkar2024protectingcoherence,
  doi = {10.22331/q-2024-07-02-1392},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-07-02-1392},
  title = {Protecting coherence from the environment via {S}tark many-body localization in a {Q}uantum-{D}ot {S}imulator},
  author = {Sarkar, Subhajit and Bu{\v{c}}a, Berislav},
  journal = {{Quantum}},
  issn = {2521-327X},
  publisher = {{Verein zur F{\"{o}}rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften}},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {1392},
  month = jul,
  year = {2024}
}

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