Breakdown of Measurement-Induced Phase Transitions Under Information Loss

Alessio Paviglianiti; Giovanni Di Fresco; Alessandro Silva; Bernardo Spagnolo; Davide Valenti; Angelo Carollo

doi:10.22331/q-2025-06-24-1781

Breakdown of Measurement-Induced Phase Transitions Under Information Loss

Alessio Paviglianiti¹, Giovanni Di Fresco², Alessandro Silva¹, Bernardo Spagnolo^2,3, Davide Valenti², and Angelo Carollo²

¹International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
²Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica ``Emilio Segrè'', Group of Interdisciplinary Theoretical Physics, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 18, I-90128 Palermo, Italy
³Stochastic Multistable Systems Laboratory, Lobachevsky University, 603950 Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia

Published:	2025-06-24, volume 9, page 1781
Editor:	Alioscia Hamma
Eprint:	arXiv:2407.13837v2
Doi:	https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-06-24-1781
Citation:	Quantum 9, 1781 (2025).

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Abstract

The dynamics of a quantum-many body system subject to measurements is naturally described by an ensemble of quantum trajectories, which can feature measurement-induced phase transitions (MIPTs). This phenomenon cannot be revealed through ensemble-averaged observables, but it requires the ability to discriminate each trajectory separately, making its experimental observation extremely challenging. We explore the fate of MIPTs under an observer's reduced ability to discriminate each measurement outcome. This introduces uncertainty in the state of the system, causing observables to probe a restricted subset of trajectories rather than a single one. By introducing an exactly-solvable Liouvillian model, we examine how long-time spatial correlations are influenced by varying degrees of trajectory averaging. We compute exactly the correlation matrix, Liouvillian gap, and entanglement negativity to demonstrate that averaging over multiple realizations introduces an effective finite lengthscale, beyond which long-range correlations are suppressed. This suggests that partial averaging over trajectories conceals the critical features of individual realizations, thereby blurring away the signatures of distinct measurement-induced phases.

Popular summary

In quantum mechanics, the very act of observing a microscopic system inevitably disturbs it, randomly changing its state. As a result, a collection of quantum particles that is continuously monitored doesn’t stay still, but rather it evolves in unpredictable ways, following one of many possible random trajectories. This constant interplay between measurement and evolution can lead to unusual behaviors, especially in how particles become correlated and interact with one another. In this work, we explore what happens when only partial information about the system’s evolution is available. We find that this limited knowledge causes some of the quantum correlations to disappear, effectively masking the unique behavior that would otherwise emerge under full observation.

► BibTeX data

@article{Paviglianiti2025breakdownof,
  doi = {10.22331/q-2025-06-24-1781},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-06-24-1781},
  title = {Breakdown of {M}easurement-{I}nduced {P}hase {T}ransitions {U}nder {I}nformation {L}oss},
  author = {Paviglianiti, Alessio and Fresco, Giovanni Di and Silva, Alessandro and Spagnolo, Bernardo and Valenti, Davide and Carollo, Angelo},
  journal = {{Quantum}},
  issn = {2521-327X},
  publisher = {{Verein zur F{\"{o}}rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften}},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {1781},
  month = jun,
  year = {2025}
}

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