The Virtual Quantum Device (VQD): A tool for detailed emulation of quantum computers

Cica Gustiani; Tyson Jones; Simon C. Benjamin

doi:10.22331/q-2025-02-25-1642

The Virtual Quantum Device (VQD): A tool for detailed emulation of quantum computers

Cica Gustiani¹, Tyson Jones^1,2, and Simon C. Benjamin^1,2

¹Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
²Quantum Motion, 9 Sterling Way, London N7 9HJ, United Kingdom

Published:	2025-02-25, volume 9, page 1642
Eprint:	arXiv:2306.07342v4
Doi:	https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-02-25-1642
Citation:	Quantum 9, 1642 (2025).

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Abstract

We present the Virtual Quantum Device (VQD) platform, a system based on the QuEST quantum emulator. Through the use of VQDs, non-expert users can emulate specific quantum computers with detailed error models, bespoke gate sets and connectivities. The platform boasts an intuitive interface, powerful visualisation, and compatibility with high-performance computation for effective testing and optimisation of complex quantum algorithms or ideas across a range of quantum computing hardware. We create and explore five families of VQDs corresponding to trapped ions, nitrogen-vacancy-centres, neutral atom arrays, silicon quantum dot spins, and superconducting devices. Each is highly configurable through a set of tailored parameters. We showcase the key characteristics of each virtual device, providing practical examples of the tool's usefulness and highlighting each device's specific attributes. By offering user-friendly encapsulated descriptions of diverse quantum hardware, the VQD platform offers researchers the ability to rapidly explore algorithms and protocols in a realistic setting; meanwhile hardware experts can create their own VQDs to compare with their experiments.

Featured image: VQD: the virtual quantum device, operated on Mathematica with QuEST (C) backend.

Popular summary

We introduce the Virtual Quantum Device (VQD) platform, a powerful tool that allows users to simulate different types of quantum computers without requiring deep expertise. VQD provides realistic error models of quantum hardware, with extensive and customised error behaviours and unique physical operations such as resets, gates, and shuttling.

The platform is designed to be intuitive and highly visual, making it easy to explore and optimise complex quantum algorithms across various quantum technologies. We showcase five types of quantum devices: multi-node trapped ions connected with photonic links, nitrogen-vacancy centres, neutral atom arrays, silicon quantum dots, and superconducting qubits, each configurable to match real-world hardware characteristics.

With VQD, researchers can quickly test quantum algorithms in a realistic setting, while hardware specialists can create custom simulations to compare with their experiments, bridging the gap between theory and real quantum devices.

► BibTeX data

@article{Gustiani2025virtualquantum,
  doi = {10.22331/q-2025-02-25-1642},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-02-25-1642},
  title = {The {V}irtual {Q}uantum {D}evice ({VQD}): {A} tool for detailed emulation of quantum computers},
  author = {Gustiani, Cica and Jones, Tyson and Benjamin, Simon C.},
  journal = {{Quantum}},
  issn = {2521-327X},
  publisher = {{Verein zur F{\"{o}}rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften}},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {1642},
  month = feb,
  year = {2025}
}

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