Light-matter correlations in Quantum Floquet engineering of cavity quantum materials

Beatriz Pérez-González; Gloria Platero; Álvaro Gomez-León

doi:10.22331/q-2025-02-17-1633

Light-matter correlations in Quantum Floquet engineering of cavity quantum materials

Beatriz Pérez-González^1,2, Gloria Platero¹, and Álvaro Gomez-León³

¹Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
²Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, 86159, Germany
³Instituto de Física Fundamental (IFF), CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, 28006 Madrid, Spain.

Published:	2025-02-17, volume 9, page 1633
Editor:	Himadri Shekhar Dhar
Eprint:	arXiv:2302.12290v4
Doi:	https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-02-17-1633
Citation:	Quantum 9, 1633 (2025).

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Abstract

Quantum Floquet engineering (QFE) seeks to generalize the control of quantum systems with classical external fields, widely known as Semi-Classical Floquet engineering (SCFE), to quantum fields. However, to faithfully capture the physics at arbitrary coupling, a gauge-invariant description of light-matter interaction in cavity-QED materials is required, which makes the Hamiltonian highly non-linear in photonic operators. We provide a non-perturbative truncation scheme of the Hamiltonian, which is valid or arbitrary coupling strength, and use it to investigate the role of light-matter correlations, which are absent in SCFE. We find that even in the high-frequency regime, light-matter correlations can be crucial, in particular for the topological properties of a system. As an example, we show that for a SSH chain coupled to a cavity, light-matter correlations break the original chiral symmetry of the chain, strongly affecting the robustness of its edge states. In addition, we show how light-matter correlations are imprinted in the photonic spectral function and discuss their relation with the topology of the bands.

Popular summary

Semi-classical Floquet engineering offers a powerful way to control quantum systems using time-periodic, classical fields, such as a laser beam. By subjecting a system to periodic driving, its long-term evolution can be approximated by an effective Hamiltonian that can be tuned to achieve desired properties.
Recent experimental progress in cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) has opened up new possibilities for Floquet engineering, by replacing classical electromagnetic radiation with quantized photonic fields. This has developed the field of cavity QED materials, together with the new paradigm of Quantum Floquet Engineering. Notably, it has been demonstrated that certain aspects of semi-classical Floquet physics naturally reappear in these hybrid systems, like hopping renormalization and band-structure control, even without the need to consider coherent states or the limit of high-photon numbers. Additionally, understanding the intriguing connection between the semi-classical and the quantum case also provides a deeper understanding of both regimes and the relation between non-equilibrium physics and isolated quantum systems.
In this work we take a step further by investigating the role of light-matter correlations in cavity QED materials, and in particular, their impact on topological properties. Being absent in semiclassical Floquet engineering due to the classical nature of the electromagnetic radiation, light-matter correlations can be taken as a distinct feature of the fully quantum regime. We find that their presence can have important consequences, causing the breaking of certain key symmetries that provide for topological protection. The identification of a symmetry-breaking mechanism due to quantum fluctuations in the system could set an important milestone in the field and has important implications for the detection and generation of topological phases in hybrid light-matter platforms

► BibTeX data

@article{PerezGonzalez2025lightmatter,
  doi = {10.22331/q-2025-02-17-1633},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-02-17-1633},
  title = {Light-matter correlations in {Q}uantum {F}loquet engineering of cavity quantum materials},
  author = {P{\'{e}}rez-Gonz{\'{a}}lez, Beatriz and Platero, Gloria and Gomez-Le{\'{o}}n, {\'{A}}lvaro},
  journal = {{Quantum}},
  issn = {2521-327X},
  publisher = {{Verein zur F{\"{o}}rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften}},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {1633},
  month = feb,
  year = {2025}
}

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