Efficient validation of Boson Sampling from binned photon-number distributions

Benoit Seron; Leonardo Novo; Alex Arkhipov; Nicolas J. Cerf

doi:10.22331/q-2024-09-19-1479

Efficient validation of Boson Sampling from binned photon-number distributions

Benoit Seron¹, Leonardo Novo^1,2, Alex Arkhipov³, and Nicolas J. Cerf¹

¹Quantum Information and Communication, Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles, CP 165/59, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
²International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
³Independent researcher

Published:	2024-09-19, volume 8, page 1479
Eprint:	arXiv:2212.09643v2
Doi:	https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-09-19-1479
Citation:	Quantum 8, 1479 (2024).

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Abstract

In order to substantiate claims of quantum computational advantage, it is crucial to develop efficient methods for validating the experimental data. We propose a test of the correct functioning of a boson sampler with single-photon inputs that is based on how photons distribute among partitions of the output modes. Our method is versatile and encompasses previous validation tests based on bunching phenomena, marginal distributions, and even some suppression laws. We show via theoretical arguments and numerical simulations that binned-mode photon number distributions can be used in practical scenarios to efficiently distinguish ideal boson samplers from those affected by realistic imperfections, especially partial distinguishability of the photons.

Popular summary

Boson sampling is considered one of the leading approaches to demonstrate that quantum devices may be exponentially faster than classical computers for certain tasks. This multiphoton interference experiment has been realized by several research groups all over the world, leading to some of the first claims of an experimental demonstration of quantum computational advantage. A natural related question is how to check if a boson sampling device is working correctly, especially when it reaches a regime where it can no longer be simulated classically. With this motivation, a variety of validation tests were designed.

In this work we propose a validation test that combines in the same framework several advantages of previously proposed methods, such as computational efficiency and sensitivity to noise. The approach is based analyzing the probability distribution obtained by jointly counting the number of photons in binned-together output modes. We give evidence that these binned distributions are sensitive to typical sources of noise such as photon distinguishability, even for a small number of bins. At the same time, for a fixed choice of binning with a constant number of bins, we show that there is an efficient classical algorithm that approximates the corresponding binned distribution coming from an ideal boson sampler. This way, it is possible to efficiently compare the data coming from an experiment or a mock-up sampler to that of an ideal sampler. Given its versatility and computational efficiency, we believe this method can be useful to substantiate claims of quantum computational advantage in upcoming boson sampling experiments.

► BibTeX data

@article{Seron2024efficientvalidation,
  doi = {10.22331/q-2024-09-19-1479},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-09-19-1479},
  title = {Efficient validation of {B}oson {S}ampling from binned photon-number distributions},
  author = {Seron, Benoit and Novo, Leonardo and Arkhipov, Alex and Cerf, Nicolas J.},
  journal = {{Quantum}},
  issn = {2521-327X},
  publisher = {{Verein zur F{\"{o}}rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften}},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {1479},
  month = sep,
  year = {2024}
}

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