Magic of quantum hypergraph states

Junjie Chen; Yuxuan Yan; You Zhou

doi:10.22331/q-2024-05-21-1351

Magic of quantum hypergraph states

Junjie Chen¹, Yuxuan Yan¹, and You Zhou^2,3

¹Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
²Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
³Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China

Published:	2024-05-21, volume 8, page 1351
Eprint:	arXiv:2308.01886v2
Doi:	https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-05-21-1351
Citation:	Quantum 8, 1351 (2024).

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Abstract

Magic, or nonstabilizerness, characterizes the deviation of a quantum state from the set of stabilizer states, playing a fundamental role in quantum state complexity and universal fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, analytical and numerical characterizations of magic are very challenging, especially for multi-qubit systems, even with a moderate qubit number. Here, we systemically and analytically investigate the magic resource of archetypal multipartite quantum states—quantum hypergraph states, which can be generated by multi-qubit controlled-phase gates encoded by hypergraphs. We first derive the magic formula in terms of the stabilizer Rényi-$\alpha$ entropies for general quantum hypergraph states. If the average degree of the corresponding hypergraph is constant, we show that magic cannot reach the maximal value, i.e., the number of qubits $n$. Then, we investigate the statistical behaviors of random hypergraph states' magic and prove a concentration result, indicating that random hypergraph states typically reach the maximum magic. This also suggests an efficient way to generate maximal magic states with random diagonal circuits. Finally, we study hypergraph states with permutation symmetry, such as $3$-complete hypergraph states, where any three vertices are connected by a hyperedge. Counterintuitively, such states can only possess constant or even exponentially small magic for $\alpha\geq 2$. Our study advances the understanding of multipartite quantum magic and could lead to applications in quantum computing and quantum many-body physics.

Talk on Quantum Resources 2023:

Popular summary

In quantum information processing, a kind of quantum state known as hypergraph state holds promise for new quantum technologies. Quantum hypergraph states have intricate structures formed by linking multiple qubits in a way that goes beyond traditional pair-wise connections. This complex connectivity allows these states to possess 'magic', a unique property that makes them invaluable for quantum computing. Magic, in quantum terms, refers to a state's ability to perform computations that are otherwise impossible with classical systems, pushing the boundaries of quantum computing.

In this work, we have developed new methods to analyze the magic in these states, shedding light on their potential applications. A noteworthy contribution of our study is the magic formula for stabilizer Renyi entropies for general quantum hypergraph states. According to it, we prove that the magic cannot reach the maximal value if the average degree of the corresponding hypergraph is constant. We also discovered that when these hypergraph states are randomly generated, they typically exhibit maximum magic, making them potential candidates for quantum computational tasks. Additionally, we explored states with specific symmetries and found intriguing patterns in their magical properties.

As outlined in our conclusion and outlook, our research results not only advance the understanding of multipartite quantum magic but also hint at potential applications in quantum computing and quantum many-body physics.

► BibTeX data

@article{Chen2024magicofquantum,
  doi = {10.22331/q-2024-05-21-1351},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-05-21-1351},
  title = {Magic of quantum hypergraph states},
  author = {Chen, Junjie and Yan, Yuxuan and Zhou, You},
  journal = {{Quantum}},
  issn = {2521-327X},
  publisher = {{Verein zur F{\"{o}}rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften}},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {1351},
  month = may,
  year = {2024}
}

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