Relaxing Hardware Requirements for Surface Code Circuits using Time-dynamics

Matt McEwen; Dave Bacon; Craig Gidney

doi:10.22331/q-2023-11-07-1172

Relaxing Hardware Requirements for Surface Code Circuits using Time-dynamics

Matt McEwen¹, Dave Bacon², and Craig Gidney¹

¹Google Quantum AI, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
²Google Quantum AI, Seattle, Washington 98103, USA

Published:	2023-11-07, volume 7, page 1172
Eprint:	arXiv:2302.02192v2
Doi:	https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-11-07-1172
Citation:	Quantum 7, 1172 (2023).

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Abstract

The typical time-independent view of quantum error correction (QEC) codes hides significant freedom in the decomposition into circuits that are executable on hardware. Using the concept of detecting regions, we design time-dynamic QEC circuits directly instead of designing static QEC codes to decompose into circuits. In particular, we improve on the standard circuit constructions for the surface code, presenting new circuits that can embed on a hexagonal grid instead of a square grid, that can use ISWAP gates instead of CNOT or CZ gates, that can exchange qubit data and measure roles, and that move logical patches around the physical qubit grid while executing. All these constructions use no additional entangling gate layers and display essentially the same logical performance, having teraquop footprints within 25% of the standard surface code circuit. We expect these circuits to be of great interest to quantum hardware engineers, because they achieve essentially the same logical performance as standard surface code circuits while relaxing demands on hardware.

Popular summary

QEC is vital for future fault-tolerant quantum computing, and the surface code is one of the most common QEC codes targeted for experimental realization, and has acheivable but difficult circuit requirements: a square grid of qubits capable of performing CNOT/CZ gates at high fidelity. Using the new concept of detecting regions, we design new circuits for implementing the surface code, improving over previous constructions in several ways. In particular, we give circuits that embed on a hexagonal grid instead of a square grid, that can use ISWAP gates instead of CNOT or CZ gates, and that move logical patches around the physical qubit grid while executing. All these constructions use no additional entangling gate layers and display essentially the same logical performance. These new freedoms relax the requirements on hardware, helping enable future implimentations of the surface code.

► BibTeX data

@article{McEwen2023relaxinghardware,
  doi = {10.22331/q-2023-11-07-1172},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-11-07-1172},
  title = {Relaxing {H}ardware {R}equirements for {S}urface {C}ode {C}ircuits using {T}ime-dynamics},
  author = {McEwen, Matt and Bacon, Dave and Gidney, Craig},
  journal = {{Quantum}},
  issn = {2521-327X},
  publisher = {{Verein zur F{\"{o}}rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften}},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {1172},
  month = nov,
  year = {2023}
}

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