Counterexamples in self-testing
QMATH, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
Published: | 2023-07-11, volume 7, page 1051 |
Eprint: | arXiv:2212.11572v3 |
Doi: | https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-07-11-1051 |
Citation: | Quantum 7, 1051 (2023). |
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Abstract
In the recent years self-testing has grown into a rich and active area of study with applications ranging from practical verification of quantum devices to deep complexity theoretic results. Self-testing allows a classical verifier to deduce which quantum measurements and on what state are used, for example, by provers Alice and Bob in a nonlocal game. Hence, self-testing as well as its noise-tolerant cousin – robust self-testing – are desirable features for a nonlocal game to have.
Contrary to what one might expect, we have a rather incomplete understanding of if and how self-testing could fail to hold. In particular, could it be that every 2-party nonlocal game or Bell inequality with a quantum advantage certifies the presence of a specific quantum state? Also, is it the case that every self-testing result can be turned robust with enough ingeniuty and effort? We answer these questions in the negative by providing simple and fully explicit counterexamples. To this end, given two nonlocal games $\mathcal{G}_1$ and $\mathcal{G}_2$, we introduce the $(\mathcal{G}_1 \lor \mathcal{G}_2)$-game, in which the players get pairs of questions and choose which game they want to play. The players win if they choose the same game and win it with the answers they have given. Our counterexamples are based on this game and we believe this class of games to be of independent interest.
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Cited by
[1] Pavel Sekatski, Jean-Daniel Bancal, Marie Ioannou, Mikael Afzelius, and Nicolas Brunner, "Toward the Device-Independent Certification of a Quantum Memory", Physical Review Letters 131 17, 170802 (2023).
[2] Connor Paddock, William Slofstra, Yuming Zhao, and Yangchen Zhou, "An operator-algebraic formulation of self-testing", arXiv:2301.11291, (2023).
[3] Anne Broadbent, Arthur Mehta, and Yuming Zhao, "Quantum delegation with an off-the-shelf device", arXiv:2304.03448, (2023).
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