On relating one-way classical and quantum communication complexities

Naresh Goud Boddu1, Rahul Jain2, and Han-Hsuan Lin3

1NTT Research, Sunnyvale, California, USA
2Centre for Quantum Technologies and Department of Computer Science, National University of Singapore and MajuLab, UMI 3654, Singapore
3National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan

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Abstract

Communication complexity is the amount of communication needed to compute a function when the function inputs are distributed over multiple parties. In its simplest form, one-way communication complexity, Alice and Bob compute a function $f(x,y)$, where $x$ is given to Alice and $y$ is given to Bob, and only one message from Alice to Bob is allowed. A fundamental question in quantum information is the relationship between one-way quantum and classical communication complexities, i.e., how much shorter the message can be if Alice is sending a quantum state instead of bit strings? We make some progress towards this question with the following results.
Let $f :\mathcal{X} \times \mathcal{Y} \rightarrow \mathcal{Z} \cup \{\bot\}$ be a partial function and $\mu$ be a distribution with support contained in $f^{-1}(\mathcal{Z})$. Denote $d=|\mathcal{Z}|$. Let $\mathsf{R}^{1,\mu}_\epsilon(f)$ be the classical one-way communication complexity of $f$; $\mathsf{Q}^{1,\mu}_\epsilon(f)$ be the quantum one-way communication complexity of $f$ and $\mathsf{Q}^{1,\mu, *}_\epsilon(f)$ be the entanglement-assisted quantum one-way communication complexity of $f$, each with distributional error (average error over $\mu$) at most $\epsilon$. We show:

1) If $\mu$ is a product distribution, $\eta \gt 0$ and $0 \leq \epsilon \leq 1-1/d$, then,

$\mathsf{R}^{1,\mu}_{2\epsilon -d\epsilon^2/(d-1)+ \eta}(f) \leq 2\mathsf{Q}^{1,\mu, *}_{\epsilon}(f) + O(\log\log (1/\eta))\enspace.$

2)If $\mu$ is a non-product distribution and $\mathcal{Z}=\{ 0,1\}$, then $\forall \epsilon, \eta \gt 0$ such that $\epsilon/\eta + \eta \lt 0.5$,

$\mathsf{R}^{1,\mu}_{3\eta}(f) = O(\mathsf{Q}^{1,\mu}_{\epsilon}(f) \cdot \mathsf{CS}(f)/\eta^3)\enspace,$

where

$\mathsf{CS}(f) = \max_{y} \min_{z\in\{0,1\}} \vert \{x~|~f(x,y)=z\} \vert \enspace.$

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Cited by

[1] Divesh Aggarwal, Naresh Goud Boddu, Rahul Jain, and Maciej Obremski, "Quantum Measurement Adversary", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 70 1, 318 (2024).

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