Quantum advantage using high-dimensional twisted photons as quantum finite automata
1Tampere University, Photonics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere, FI-33720, Finland
2Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI) Vienna, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
3Center for Quantum Computer Science, Faculty of Computing, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
4QWorld Association, Tallinn, Estonia, https://qworld.net
Published: | 2022-06-30, volume 6, page 752 |
Eprint: | arXiv:2202.04915v2 |
Doi: | https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-06-30-752 |
Citation: | Quantum 6, 752 (2022). |
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Abstract
Quantum finite automata (QFA) are basic computational devices that make binary decisions using quantum operations. They are known to be exponentially memory efficient compared to their classical counterparts. Here, we demonstrate an experimental implementation of multi-qubit QFAs using the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of single photons. We implement different high-dimensional QFAs encoded on a single photon, where multiple qubits operate in parallel without the need for complicated multi-partite operations. Using two to eight OAM quantum states to implement up to four parallel qubits, we show that a high-dimensional QFA is able to detect the prime numbers 5 and 11 while outperforming classical finite automata in terms of the required memory. Our work benefits from the ease of encoding, manipulating, and deciphering multi-qubit states encoded in the OAM degree of freedom of single photons, demonstrating the advantages structured photons provide for complex quantum information tasks.

Featured image: Sketch of the photonics implementaion of a QFA for twisted photons
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