Squeezing-enhanced communication without a phase reference

Marco Fanizza; Matteo Rosati; Michalis Skotiniotis; John Calsamiglia; Vittorio Giovannetti

doi:10.22331/q-2021-12-23-608

Squeezing-enhanced communication without a phase reference

Marco Fanizza^1,2, Matteo Rosati², Michalis Skotiniotis², John Calsamiglia², and Vittorio Giovannetti¹

¹NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
²Física Teòrica: Informació i Fenòmens Quàntics, Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain

Published:	2021-12-23, volume 5, page 608
Eprint:	arXiv:2006.06522v4
Doi:	https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-12-23-608
Citation:	Quantum 5, 608 (2021).

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Abstract

We study the problem of transmitting classical information using quantum Gaussian states on a family of phase-noise channels with a finite decoherence time, such that the phase-reference is lost after $m$ consecutive uses of the transmission line. This problem is relevant for long-distance communication in free space and optical fiber, where phase noise is typically considered as a limiting factor. The Holevo capacity of these channels is always attained with photon-number encodings, challenging with current technology. Hence for coherent-state encodings the optimal rate depends only on the total-energy distribution and we provide upper and lower bounds for all $m$, the latter attainable at low energies with on/off modulation and photodetection. We generalize this lower bound to squeezed-coherent encodings, exhibiting for the first time to our knowledge an unconditional advantage with respect to any coherent encoding for $m=1$ and a considerable advantage with respect to its direct coherent counterpart for $m>1$. This advantage is robust with respect to moderate attenuation, and persists in a regime where Fock encodings with up to two-photon states are also suboptimal. Finally, we show that the use of part of the energy to establish a reference frame is sub-optimal even at large energies. Our results represent a key departure from the case of phase-covariant Gaussian channels and constitute a proof-of-principle of the advantages of using non-classical, squeezed light in a motivated communication setting.

Featured image: Depiction of several communication strategies on phase-noise memory channels studied in the article. Covariant strategies employ a Haar-random passive interferometer U to increase the communication rate of any initial ensemble. The input ensembles we consider are discrete constellations comprising the vacuum state and one or more pulse signals: Fock, coherent and squeezed-coherent states.

Popular summary

When using light signals to transfer information, the effect known as phase-noise can disrupt typical communication methods that encode information in the optical phase of the signals.
This noise arises when the sender and the receiver cannot maintain a phase-reference, due to several possible mechanisms, including: non-linear effects in optical fiber, atmospheric effects in free space or simply the use of a photodetector, which cannot read phase information.

In this article we introduce communication strategies that allow to transfer information in a simple model of phase-noise, where the global phase is completely cancelled after $m$ signals are sent. Our strategies are based on two ingredients: linear-optical randomization and non-classical squeezed light. We show that in this way one can surpass the performance of classical communication strategies, proving the advantage of non-classical light in a motivated communication setting.

► BibTeX data

@article{Fanizza2021squeezingenhanced,
  doi = {10.22331/q-2021-12-23-608},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-12-23-608},
  title = {Squeezing-enhanced communication without a phase reference},
  author = {Fanizza, Marco and Rosati, Matteo and Skotiniotis, Michalis and Calsamiglia, John and Giovannetti, Vittorio},
  journal = {{Quantum}},
  issn = {2521-327X},
  publisher = {{Verein zur F{\"{o}}rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften}},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {608},
  month = dec,
  year = {2021}
}

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