Noise-robust preparation contextuality shared between any number of observers via unsharp measurements

Hammad Anwer; Natalie Wilson; Ralph Silva; Sadiq Muhammad; Armin Tavakoli; Mohamed Bourennane

doi:10.22331/q-2021-09-28-551

Noise-robust preparation contextuality shared between any number of observers via unsharp measurements

Hammad Anwer¹, Natalie Wilson¹, Ralph Silva², Sadiq Muhammad¹, Armin Tavakoli^3,4,5, and Mohamed Bourennane¹

¹Department of Physics, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
²Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
³Département de Physique Appliquée, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
⁴Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information - IQOQI Vienna, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
⁵Institute for Atomic and Subatomic Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1020 Vienna, Austria

Published:	2021-09-28, volume 5, page 551
Eprint:	arXiv:1904.09766v2
Doi:	https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-09-28-551
Citation:	Quantum 5, 551 (2021).

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Abstract

Multiple observers who independently harvest nonclassical correlations from a single physical system share the system's ability to enable quantum correlations. We show that any number of independent observers can share the preparation contextual outcome statistics enabled by state ensembles in quantum theory. Furthermore, we show that even in the presence of any amount of white noise, there exists quantum ensembles that enable such shared preparation contextuality. The findings are experimentally realised by applying sequential unsharp measurements to an optical qubit ensemble which reveals three shared demonstrations of preparation contextuality.

Popular summary

When a quantum resource is measured, information is extracted from it at the price of distorting the state. Here, we aim to extract information from a quantum ensemble in such a way that classical noncontextual models cannot account for the lab observations, while simultaneously not distorting the ensemble too much to prevent us from doing such an extraction once again. We show that, in fact, one can extract contextual quantum correlations indefinitely many times from a single ensemble and we demonstrate three sequential violations of noncontextuality in an optics experiment.

► BibTeX data

@article{Anwer2021noiserobust,
  doi = {10.22331/q-2021-09-28-551},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-09-28-551},
  title = {Noise-robust preparation contextuality shared between any number of observers via unsharp measurements},
  author = {Anwer, Hammad and Wilson, Natalie and Silva, Ralph and Muhammad, Sadiq and Tavakoli, Armin and Bourennane, Mohamed},
  journal = {{Quantum}},
  issn = {2521-327X},
  publisher = {{Verein zur F{\"{o}}rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften}},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {551},
  month = sep,
  year = {2021}
}

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[9] Ya-Li Mao, Zheng-Da Li, Anna Steffinlongo, Bixiang Guo, Biyao Liu, Shufeng Xu, Nicolas Gisin, Armin Tavakoli, and Jingyun Fan, "Recycling nonlocality in quantum star networks", Physical Review Research 5 1, 013104 (2023).

[10] Debarshi Das, Arkaprabha Ghosal, Ananda G. Maity, Som Kanjilal, and Arup Roy, "Ability of unbounded pairs of observers to achieve quantum advantage in random access codes with a single pair of qubits", Physical Review A 104 6, L060602 (2021).

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