Self-organized topological insulator due to cavity-mediated correlated tunneling

Titas Chanda; Rebecca Kraus; Giovanna Morigi; Jakub Zakrzewski

doi:10.22331/q-2021-07-13-501

Self-organized topological insulator due to cavity-mediated correlated tunneling

Titas Chanda¹, Rebecca Kraus², Giovanna Morigi², and Jakub Zakrzewski^1,3

¹Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
²Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, Campus E2.6, D–66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
³Mark Kac Complex Systems Research Center, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland

Published:	2021-07-13, volume 5, page 501
Eprint:	arXiv:2011.01687v3
Doi:	https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-07-13-501
Citation:	Quantum 5, 501 (2021).

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Abstract

Topological materials have potential applications for quantum technologies. Non-interacting topological materials, such as e.g., topological insulators and superconductors, are classified by means of fundamental symmetry classes. It is instead only partially understood how interactions affect topological properties. Here, we discuss a model where topology emerges from the quantum interference between single-particle dynamics and global interactions. The system is composed by soft-core bosons that interact via global correlated hopping in a one-dimensional lattice. The onset of quantum interference leads to spontaneous breaking of the lattice translational symmetry, the corresponding phase resembles nontrivial states of the celebrated Su-Schriefer-Heeger model. Like the fermionic Peierls instability, the emerging quantum phase is a topological insulator and is found at half fillings. Originating from quantum interference, this topological phase is found in "exact" density-matrix renormalization group calculations and is entirely absent in the mean-field approach. We argue that these dynamics can be realized in existing experimental platforms, such as cavity quantum electrodynamics setups, where the topological features can be revealed in the light emitted by the resonator.

Featured image: Interference-induced topological phases (with fractional particle-hole localizations on the edges) can be realized in a cavity quantum electrodynamics setup. The bosons are atoms (red spheres) confined by a one-dimensional optical lattice and dispersively interacting with a standing- wave mode of the cavity. The cavity standing-wave field is parallel to the lattice, its wavelength is twice the lattice periodicity, and the atoms are trapped at the nodes of the cavity mode. Correlated hopping originates from coherent scattering of laser light into the cavity, the laser Rabi frequency $\Omega$ controls the strength of the interactions. The field at the cavity output is emitted with rate $\kappa$ and provides information about the phase of the bosons.

Popular summary

Topological phases are robust states of matter with non-local orders that have potential applications for quantum computation. While they are well understood in the noninteracting limit, it is debated what is the effect of interactions on their onset and stability. Here, we show an instance where topology emerges from the quantum interference between global interactions and quantum fluctuations. The transition to a topological insulator is predicted for a one-dimensional gas of bosons in an optical lattice and is characterized by a spontaneous symmetry breaking. Since this topological insulator originates from quantum interference, mean-field approach fails to capture it while it appears in 'exact' density-matrix renormalization group calculations. We show that these dynamics can be realized in many-body cavity quantum electrodynamics setups, in the regime where photon scattering mediates global interactions, and this allows one to monitor the quantum phase.

► BibTeX data

@article{Chanda2021selforganized,
  doi = {10.22331/q-2021-07-13-501},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-07-13-501},
  title = {Self-organized topological insulator due to cavity-mediated correlated tunneling},
  author = {Chanda, Titas and Kraus, Rebecca and Morigi, Giovanna and Zakrzewski, Jakub},
  journal = {{Quantum}},
  issn = {2521-327X},
  publisher = {{Verein zur F{\"{o}}rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften}},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {501},
  month = jul,
  year = {2021}
}

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