# Quantum algorithms for Second-Order Cone Programming and Support Vector Machines

Iordanis Kerenidis1,2, Anupam Prakash1,2, and Dániel Szilágyi2

1QCWare, Palo Alto, California
2Université de Paris, CNRS, IRIF, F-75006, Paris, France

### Abstract

We present a quantum interior-point method (IPM) for second-order cone programming (SOCP) that runs in time $\widetilde{O} \left( n\sqrt{r} \frac{\zeta \kappa}{\delta^2} \log \left(1/\epsilon\right) \right)$ where $r$ is the rank and $n$ the dimension of the SOCP, $\delta$ bounds the distance of intermediate solutions from the cone boundary, $\zeta$ is a parameter upper bounded by $\sqrt{n}$, and $\kappa$ is an upper bound on the condition number of matrices arising in the classical IPM for SOCP. The algorithm takes as its input a suitable quantum description of an arbitrary SOCP and outputs a classical description of a $\delta$-approximate $\epsilon$-optimal solution of the given problem.
Furthermore, we perform numerical simulations to determine the values of the aforementioned parameters when solving the SOCP up to a fixed precision $\epsilon$. We present experimental evidence that in this case our quantum algorithm exhibits a polynomial speedup over the best classical algorithms for solving general SOCPs that run in time $O(n^{\omega+0.5})$ (here, $\omega$ is the matrix multiplication exponent, with a value of roughly $2.37$ in theory, and up to $3$ in practice). For the case of random SVM (support vector machine) instances of size $O(n)$, the quantum algorithm scales as $O(n^k)$, where the exponent $k$ is estimated to be $2.59$ using a least-squares power law. On the same family random instances, the estimated scaling exponent for an external SOCP solver is $3.31$ while that for a state-of-the-art SVM solver is $3.11$.

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