Neural Network Decoders for Large-Distance 2D Toric Codes

Xiaotong Ni

QuTech, Delft University of Technology, P.O.Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands.

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Abstract

We still do not have perfect decoders for topological codes that can satisfy all needs of different experimental setups. Recently, a few neural network based decoders have been studied, with the motivation that they can adapt to a wide range of noise models, and can easily run on dedicated chips without a full-fledged computer. The later feature might lead to fast speed and the ability to operate at low temperatures. However, a question which has not been addressed in previous works is whether neural network decoders can handle 2D topological codes with large distances. In this work, we provide a positive answer for the toric code [1]. The structure of our neural network decoder is inspired by the renormalization group decoder [2,3]. With a fairly strict policy on training time, when the bit-flip error rate is lower than $9\%$ and syndrome extraction is perfect, the neural network decoder performs better when code distance increases. With a less strict policy, we find it is not hard for the neural decoder to achieve a performance close to the minimum-weight perfect matching algorithm. The numerical simulation is done up to code distance $d=64$. Last but not least, we describe and analyze a few failed approaches. They guide us to the final design of our neural decoder, but also serve as a caution when we gauge the versatility of stock deep neural networks. The source code of our neural decoder can be found at [4].

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The above citations are from Crossref's cited-by service (last updated successfully 2023-06-05 18:29:00) and SAO/NASA ADS (last updated successfully 2023-06-05 18:29:01). The list may be incomplete as not all publishers provide suitable and complete citation data.