Quantum Speedup Based on Classical Decision Trees

Salman Beigi1 and Leila Taghavi2

1School of Mathematics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
2School of Computer Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran

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Abstract

Lin and Lin [16] have recently shown how starting with a classical query algorithm (decision tree) for a function, we may find upper bounds on its quantum query complexity. More precisely, they have shown that given a decision tree for a function $f:\{0,1\}^n\to[m]$ whose input can be accessed via queries to its bits, and a $\textit{guessing algorithm}$ that predicts answers to the queries, there is a quantum query algorithm for $f$ which makes at most $O(\sqrt{GT})$ quantum queries where $T$ is the depth of the decision tree and $G$ is the maximum number of mistakes of the guessing algorithm. In this paper we give a simple proof of and generalize this result for functions $f:[\ell]^n \to [m]$ with non-binary input as well as output alphabets. Our main tool for this generalization is non-binary span program which has recently been developed for non-binary functions, and the dual adversary bound. As applications of our main result we present several quantum query upper bounds, some of which are new. In particular, we show that topological sorting of vertices of a directed graph $\mathcal G$ can be done with $O(n^{3/2})$ quantum queries in the adjacency matrix model. Also, we show that the quantum query complexity of the maximum bipartite matching is upper bounded by $O(n^{3/4}\sqrt {m + n})$ in the adjacency list model.

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Cited by

[1] Shelby Kimmel and R. Teal Witter, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 12808, 543 (2021) ISBN:978-3-030-83507-1.

[2] Kyle E. C. Booth, Bryan O'Gorman, Jeffrey Marshall, Stuart Hadfield, and Eleanor Rieffel, "Quantum-accelerated constraint programming", Quantum 5, 550 (2021).

[3] Noel T. Anderson, Jay-U Chung, and Shelby Kimmel, "Leveraging Unknown Structure in Quantum Query Algorithms", arXiv:2012.01276.

[4] Arjan Cornelissen, Stacey Jeffery, Maris Ozols, and Alvaro Piedrafita, "Span programs and quantum time complexity", arXiv:2005.01323.

The above citations are from Crossref's cited-by service (last updated successfully 2022-01-25 07:48:28) and SAO/NASA ADS (last updated successfully 2022-01-25 07:48:29). The list may be incomplete as not all publishers provide suitable and complete citation data.