Work Statistics, Loschmidt Echo and Information Scrambling in Chaotic Quantum Systems
1Donostia International Physics Center, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
2IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
3Theory Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS-B213, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
4Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
5Technical University of Cartagena, UPCT, 30202, Cartagena, Spain
6Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA
Published: | 2019-03-04, volume 3, page 127 |
Eprint: | arXiv:1804.09188v3 |
Doi: | https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2019-03-04-127 |
Citation: | Quantum 3, 127 (2019). |
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Abstract
Characterizing the work statistics of driven complex quantum systems is generally challenging because of the exponential growth with the system size of the number of transitions involved between different energy levels. We consider the quantum work distribution associated with the driving of chaotic quantum systems described by random matrix Hamiltonians and characterize exactly the work statistics associated with a sudden quench for arbitrary temperature and system size. Knowledge of the work statistics yields the Loschmidt echo dynamics of an entangled state between two copies of the system of interest, the thermofield double state. This echo dynamics is dictated by the spectral form factor. We discuss its relation to frame potentials and its use to assess information scrambling.

Popular summary
Our results provide a concrete framework, built on analytic techniques and numerical simulations, to study the thermodynamics of chaotic systems, which constitute a paradigmatic example of complex systems. Remarkably, we recast the problem into a dynamical setup by relating the work statistics to a dynamical quantity known as the Loschmidt echo. Therefore, we show that thermodynamics is related to the time evolution of an entangled state exhibiting nonclassical correlations, and to the emergence of irreversibility in complex quantum systems. In doing so, we not only connect the fields of quantum thermodynamics and quantum evolution, but also tie them to information scrambling: the spreading of information and correlations in many body systems.
Information scrambling was first introduced to address the black hole information paradox from a quantum information perspective. It has later been shown as a useful concept in fields such as condensed-matter and many-body physics to measure quantum chaos. Our research adds quantum thermodynamics to this list. The unexpected and firm connection established here is amenable to experimental tests in a variety of platforms and can help to explore quantum chaos in a new light.
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