Better local hidden variable models for two-qubit Werner states and an upper bound on the Grothendieck constant $K_G(3)$

Flavien Hirsch1, Marco Túlio Quintino1,2, Tamás Vértesi3, Miguel Navascués4, and Nicolas Brunner1

1Groupe de Physique Appliquée, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
2Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
3Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-4001 Debrecen, P.O. Box 51, Hungary
4Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Boltzmangasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria

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Abstract

We consider the problem of reproducing the correlations obtained by arbitrary local projective measurements on the two-qubit Werner state $\rho = v |\psi_- \rangle \langle\psi_- | + (1- v ) \frac{1}{4}$ via a local hidden variable (LHV) model, where $|\psi_- \rangle$ denotes the singlet state. We show analytically that these correlations are local for $ v = 999\times689\times{10^{-6}}$ $\cos^2(\pi/50) \simeq 0.6829$. In turn, as this problem is closely related to a purely mathematical one formulated by Grothendieck, our result implies a new bound on the Grothendieck constant $K_G(3) \leq 1/v \simeq 1.4644$. We also present a LHV model for reproducing the statistics of arbitrary POVMs on the Werner state for $v \simeq 0.4553$. The techniques we develop can be adapted to construct LHV models for other entangled states, as well as bounding other Grothendieck constants.

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